Districtof colombia



I UNITED Y "STATES! PATENT V'OFFICEQ DANIEL E. SOMES, OF WASHlNGTON, blsrntcror COLUMBIA.

IMPROVED MODE 0F COOLING AIR msuunlwes AND CHAMBERS.

' Specification forming partof Letters Patent NoI4S,456", dated June 27, 1865.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, DANIEL- E. SoMEs, of Washington, in the District of Columbia, have invented a new and Improved Mode of Coo-ling eluding Warm Air in Buildings andv Chambers and for Ex Air from the Same; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof.

The nature of my invention consists in constructlng or placing tanksor other vessels, re:

.cptacles, or buildings in the earth at-a sulfi- 'cient distance below the surface thereof to at= tam a cool'temperatur'e during the warm season, wherein meats maybe salted and cured, and

other articles of food and othensuhstances may be preserved from the decomposing effects of a warm atmosphere or the chilling effects of" winter weather.

To. enable others skill ed in the art to make and use my invention,

I will proceed to describe its construction and operation.

These vessels may be simply inserted in the 1 earth with earth surroundings, -or they may be- -which is preferable -surrounded by water at or near its lowest degree of temperature; They may be made in any form which taste or convenience I may suggest, or they may be made with a series of walls and air-chambers or other non-conducting mediums to prevent the warm earth or water near the srtrface'fronfraising the temperature of the air within them.

The bottom of the vessels should be single, (thongh'Ido not confine'myself to that arrange ment,)in order that the effects of the cold earth or water may be readily felt inside of the receptacle in which the articles are kept which are to'be salted, cured, or preserved. -It is s also desirable to have in the chamber or channel or chamber immediately surrounding the inner surface-or wall of the vessel or recepta i it will generally be found that the water -say .5 from ten to fifteen feet below the surface of the earth -willbe sufliciently cold to keep the tan k in a condition to cure the meat perfectly without the use of ice, and also to'preserve most kinds of iced or'other perishable articles; but

it may be necessary in some instances to use ice or some othercooling mixture or substance.-

.cities where land is dear.

should be sunk. below the bed of the river or V k In packing-houses large vats or other vessels should be constructed as above described, in

which water or weak brine maybe used to cool meats before, being placed in the salting-tanks,

or the meat may be thus cooled and salt or" other curing propertiesthereafteradded to the 1 same; Ifbrine be used in thiscooling process,

care should be taken that the same be notmade too strong. If it'be of sufficient strength to check and prevent the flow of blood from the meat, that is all that is required.

packed in barrels or other packages.

' It will also bei'onnd of great value to con structbuildingsot' ironot' other suitable ma-' terial under water near or under docks in large These buildings bay where they are located, with an entrance from a warehouse or other of them exfor an entrance, so connected with the main building, which is submerged,

descending a stairway themain submerged building and separated therefrom by suitable partitions and doors or other proper means of ingress and egress. In V orderto supply these subterranean bu1ltiingswith fresh air without raising the temperature within I place air-tubes outside ofv the walls,

' or in'a channel in said walls, or throughfwater- V tanks, water-pipes, or their equivalents. These tubesshould be made larger at the bottom or outlet and should taper toward the end outside of the building, where the air enters. This will bring in contact with the cold water alarger amount of surface to'he cooled, and the portion ot the tubes which are at the coldest point in the 9 water will contain a largervolume of air, and as the air becomes condensed and heavier it will fall in to the bu ilding by its own weight, drawing thewarm airiuto the outerend of .the tubes with greater rapidity and force than it the tubes were of equal size from end to endor smaller at the outer end. I also provide for,a thorongh ventilation of these buildings or tanks by I placing tubes, or lines larger than-those conduoting the air above described running from Q When the meat is thus euredit should be assorted and buildingyor they may becon'structed with a portion tending above the surface of the water or earth" that an. easy entrance may be hadat all times thereto by' to the bottom thereof, whichshould be on a lvelwi'th the bottom of found desirable.

In cellars and buildings constructed without reference to myinventions, and'when it is not convenient to sinlttanks in water, I raise. the

if I see fit, to conduct the same air,when cooled intoother buildings or apartments and cool the same, thus sec'urin g great econo'myin the use of my cooling apparatus. I

heretofore deemed unattainable-namely, rendering a submerged buildiug,,tank, or vessel absolutely free from the noxious vapors always water from beneath the surface of theearthbygenerated by pent-up; air, and making such thesame or similnrmeansdescribed in patents heretofore granted to-meto wit, by raising water in pipes inclosed in abox or series of boxes or walls to exclude the warm atmosphere. In such boxes air is admitted around the pipes, and,- if desirable, air tubes may be admitted into-and through thewater-pipes also, in order that the air passing throughthe tubes and over the pipes may become cooled by the water within to-be conducted to any part of the building or cellar.

, When the premisesare near av river-dock or othenbody of Water air-pipes may be extended building or cellar 'by means of an air-pump 0r its-equivalent, with the inlet so small' that the'su'ction will produce rarefaction, thus lowering the temperature on its passage into the buildingi' A portion of the tubemay-be surrounded with ice-or other cooling substance, so that the air, afterv attaining the same temperatureas the water in .which the air-tubes are placed,

may be still'further cooled by the ice or" other cooling substance by which the tube is surrounded. I The air may be drawn through channels or pipes surroundin gthe tanks or vessels in which any substance may be placed for'curing'or-prcservation, or it may be conducted-through the same, as may be most convenient and desirable.

By these means lam enabled to thoroughly cool such tanks or vessels to any degree necessaryfor'preserving their contents and also,

buildings, tanks, or vessels always healthful and salubrious. Families might live in such the usual mode above the ground.

constructed in the usual form, are subject to great losses by evaporation in the heated air, and they also endanger the buildings and all employed therein by the generation of com- ,a'nd below the'water or surface of the earth. What I claim as my invention, and desire to seeure'by Letters Patent,is--' 1. Uonstructing submarine buildings or chambers substantially as and for the purposes'described. 1 I v -'2. Ventilating submarine buildings, tanks,

for the purposes set forth.

purposes herein set forth.

mannerherein specified.

chambers, or tanks below the'surface of the earth, for the pt nose and in the manner hore- My process of ventilation secures an object structures with far less risk to life and health than in a large number of dwellings erected in Volatile substances-'such as petroleum,benzine, and the like-when stored in .buildings 'bustible gases. All such losses and risks are I v avoided by the, use of my devices for store into the water and the air drawn into the. houses and the'ventilationthereoflboth above or chambers, substantially as described, and

3. Cooling air by. the-meansand for the 4. Cooling tanks and'their con ents mule 5. Constructing and ventilating. buildings, 

